Reports, like journal articles, usually cover original research, but they may or may not be peer-reviewed. There are many kinds of reports, including:
Gray literature includes reports, but also:
It is optional–but often helpful–to describe these types of gray literature in square brackets after the title.
When the publisher is the same as the author, omit the publisher from the source element.
National Cancer Institute. (2014). Understanding breast changes: A health guide for women (NIH Publication No. 14-3536). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes/understanding-breast-changes.pdf
Sexual Misconduct Response Centre. (2018-2019). 2018-2019 Annual Report. The Department of the National Defence, Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/dnd-mdn/documents/reports/2019/smrc-2019-annual-report-en.pdf
Parenthetical citations: (National Cancer Institute, 2014; Sexual Misconduct Response Centre, 2018-2019)
Narrative citations: National Cancer Institute (2014) and the Sexual Misconduct Response Centre (2018-2019)
Hunt, K. S., & Dumville, R. (2016). Recidivism among federal offenders: A comprehensive overview. United States Sentencing Commission. https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-and-publications/research-publications/2016/recidivism_overview.pdf
O'Connor, S. (2017). Fentanyl: China's deadly export to the United States. U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/USCC%20Staff%20Report_Fentanyl-China’s%20Deadly%20Export%20to%20the%20United%20States020117.pdf
Parenthetical citations: (Hunt & Dumville, 2016; O'Connor, 2017)
Narrative citations: Hunt and Dumville (2016) and O'Connor (2017)
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018). Australia's health 2018 (Australia's Health Series no. 16. AUS 221). https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/7c42913d-295f-4bc9-9c24-4e44eff4a04a/aihw-aus-221.pdf.aspx?inline=true
Blackwell, D. L., Lucas, J. W., & Clarke, T. C. (2014). Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2012 (Vital and Health Statistics Series 10, Issue 260). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_260.pdf
Parenthetical citations: (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2018; Blackwell et al., 2014)
Narrative citations: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2018) and Blackwell et al. (2014)
British Cardiovascular Society Working Group. (2016). British Cardiovascular Society Working Group report: Out-of-hours cardiovascular care: Management of cardiac emergencies and hospital in-patients. British Cardiovascular Society. http://www.bcs.com/documents/BCSOOHWP_Final_Report_05092016.pdf
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2019). Ninth annual report to Congress on high-priority evidence gaps for clinical preventive services. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/ninth-annual-report-to-congress-on-high-priority-evidence-gaps-for-clinical-preventive-services
Parenthetical citations: (British Cardiovascular Working Group, 2016; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2019)
Narrative citations: British Cardiovascular Working Group (2016) and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2019)
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017). Agency financial report: Fiscal year 2017. https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf
Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017)
Narrative citation: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2017)
American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. https://www.nursingworld.org/coe-view-only
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
Parenthetical citations: (American Nurses Association, 2015; American Psychological Association, 2017)
Narrative citations: American Nurses Association (2015) and American Psychological Association (2017)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020, January 2). FDA finalizes enforcement policy on unauthorized flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes that appeal to children, including fruit and mint [Press release]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finalizes-enforcement-policy-unauthorized-flavored-cartridge-based-e-cigarettes-appeal-children
Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2020)
Narrative citation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2020)
Ghatak, S. (2019). Immunization testing system (U.S. Patent No. 10788482). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://rb.gy/ik0fb0
Kurk, D. J. (2022). Mechanical seizing and locking clamp device (U.S. Patent No. 11458596). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://rb.gy/ik0fb0
Parenthetical citation: (Ghatak, 2019; Kurk, 2022)
Narrative citation: Ghatak (2019) and Kurk (2022)